Canadian James Naismith, a famous athlete (rugby, Canadian football, soccer, gymnastics) invented basketball in its modern sense. The first game took place in 1891. In 1946, the Basketball Association of America (BAA) was created. In 1949, it merged with the National Basketball League (NBL) to form the National Basketball Association (NBA). In 1932, the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) was founded, which had 8 founding countries: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania and Switzerland.
5×5 (standard), 3×3 (street, for 1 ring)
two teams of 5 people play on a court 28×15 m. On the short sides of the court, “baskets” are fixed on shields at a height of 305 cm – metal rings with a diameter of 45 cm with a rope net without a bottom. The winner is the team that managed to throw the ball into the opponent’s basket more times.
The first official football tournament was held in 1867. A Youdan Cup, named after the local football enthusiast and theatre owner Thomas Youdan, is the oldest football prize and is still raffled off.
The first international tournament was held in Scotland on 30 November 1872.
Only a few countries played football professionally at the beginning of the XX century. After the Second World War, more and more countries legalised professional football.
5х5 (street)
two teams of eleven players each play on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The aim of the game is to score the ball into the opposing team’s goal. Players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands while it is in play unless they are goalkeepers (only when it is in their penalty area) or during a throw-in. Other players mainly use their feet to kick or pass the ball but may also use their heads and torso. The team with the most goals before the end of the match wins. If no one team kicks the goal or the score is even, the match ends in a tie or, depending on the format of the competition, extra time is added, or a penalty is awarded.
William John Morgan, a physical education teacher at the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) college in Holyoke (Massachusetts, USA), is considered to be the inventor of volleyball. On 9 February 1895, in the sports hall, he hung a tennis net at a height of 197 cm, and his students, whose number on the court was not limited, began to throw a basketball over it. Morgan called the new game ‘Mintonet’. Within a year, the game was demonstrated at the conference of colleges of the Young Christian Association in Springfield, and the suggestion of Professor Alfred T. Halsted, it received a new name – ‘volleyball’.
6х6 (standard), the number of payers can vary but should be not less than 4х4
two teams compete on a special field divided by a net. The ball should be thrown over the net to touch the opposing team’s part of the field; the competitor should also prevent the same effort. The team has three hits for returning the ball (in addition to the block contact).
The game is held on a rectangular field of 18х9 m. The net is 2,43 m in height for men and 2,24 m – for women and divides the field in the middle. The game is played with a spherical ball, 65–67 cm in diameter and 260–280 g in weight. Each of the two teams consists of 12 players maximum, and only 6 could simultaneously represent the team on the field.
The aim of the game is to hit the ball to the playing surface of the opponent’s half of the court or force him to make a mistake. After a successful draw, the serve goes to the team that won the point. The field is conditionally divided into 6 zones according to the number of players. After each transition, the right to serve passes from one team to another, and as a result of drawing a point, the players move to the next zone clockwise.